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Dwight,</div>
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Per your questions:</div>
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Your opinion is obviously correct. <i>Nobody</i> willingly refers to him/herself using terminology that implies they are animals. Certainly not in their mother tongue!</div>
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I was unaware of this curious translation, and I have no direct evidence at hand for the original use(s) of this term in European sources.</div>
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And yes, it makes all the sense in the world to address this, going forward.</div>
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Be well,</div>
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CD</div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> andalusi_studies-bounces@lists.uoregon.edu <andalusi_studies-bounces@lists.uoregon.edu> on behalf of Dwight Reynolds <dreynold@religion.ucsb.edu><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Saturday, September 24, 2022 5:19 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dwight Reynolds <dreynold@ucsb.edu><br>
<b>Cc:</b> andalusi_studies@lists.uoregon.edu <andalusi_studies@lists.uoregon.edu><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Andalusi Studies] Meaning and translation of Mudejar</font>
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<div>Dear Colleagues,</div>
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<div>For a while now, I have been arguing in lectures and in print (see my <i>Musical Heritage of al-Andalus</i>, p. 213, for example) that the translation of "domesticated" or "tamed" for
<i>mudéjar</i><span></span> (said to derive from Arabic <i>mudajjan) </i>is probably incorrect, and may reflect the derogatory attitude of whoever first used that translation.
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<div>Does anyone know how far back this accepted translation goes?<br>
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<div>First of all, if we look at the medieval Arabic dictionaries, such as <i><span style="font-size:12pt; line-height:107%; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Lisân al-‘Arab,</span></i> they do give that meaning for
<i>animals, </i>but the basic meaning for <i>people </i>is to remain or stay at home (<i>dajana fi baytihi idha lazimahu</i>).
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<div>In addition, since this is an Arabic term, it is presumably one that was created by Arabic-speakers and it seems to me much more likely that they referred to themselves as those who had "stayed at home" (i.e., did not flee or emigrate) than referring to
themselves as people who had been "domesticated" or "tamed" like farmyard animals, unless they were doing so sardonically.<br>
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<div>I suspect that the translation "domesticated" reflects the viewpoint of the Western scholars who first promoted that meaning of the term, rather than the viewpoint of the people who most likely coined it.</div>
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<div>So I have three questions:</div>
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<div>Do any of you have an opinion about or reaction to this argument?</div>
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<div>Do you know of early examples of Western scholars translating the term as "domesticated" (perhaps 19th-century Spanish sources)?</div>
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<div>And IF we agree that "domesticated" is probably a mistranslation, could we perhaps begin to note this in our publications and eventually correct this error?</div>
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<div>Dwight Reynolds <br>
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<div>******************************************************************<br>
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Dwight F. Reynolds, Distinguished Professor<br>
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Arabic Language & Literature<br>
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Department of Religious Studies<br>
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University of California, Santa Barbara<br>
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<<a href="mailto:dreynold@ucsb.edu" target="_blank">dreynold@ucsb.edu</a>><br>
<div>******************************************************************<br>
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