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<p>Dear David</p>
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<p>I found these references amongst my notes:</p>
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<p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-US">Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī al-Jaznāʾī, 'Jany zahrat al-ʿās fī bināʾ madīnat Fās' (Alfred Bel, ed,
<i>La fleur du myrte</i>, Algiers, 1932), p. 135, n. 1: records that oaths were sworn over the Qur’an in the mihrab of the Qarawiyyin mosque in Fez<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD">Angel Canellas López, <i>Diplomatario medieval de la Casa de Ganaderos de Zaragoza</i></span><span lang="ES-TRAD">, Zaragoza, 1988, doc. 105: records local Muslims swearing oaths at the mosque portal in 1273.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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Delfina Serrano, 'Twelve Court Cases on the Application of Penal Law under the Almoravids', in: Muhammad Khalid Masud, Rudolph Peters and David Stephan Powers, eds,
<i>Dispensing justice in Islam: Qadis and their judgements</i>, Leiden, 2006, 473-494, 488 and n. 38: Ibn Rushd al-Jadd records that in the Almoravid period oaths were sworn in front of the
<i>qibla </i>wall on Friday afternoons.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p>best, Tom</p>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> andalusi_studies-bounces@lists.uoregon.edu <andalusi_studies-bounces@lists.uoregon.edu> on behalf of Glick, Thomas F <tglick@bu.edu><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 17 March 2017 14:09:29<br>
<b>To:</b> David Wacks<br>
<b>Cc:</b> andalusi_studies@lists.uoregon.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Andalusi Studies] "Jurar a l'alquibla"? Oaths made in qibla or facing East?</font>
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<div>Here’s a rather full description in a court case from Sumacàrcer in the Ribera Alta del Júcar in 1433: el testimoni qui jura a deu girada la cara alquibla segons çuna e xara de moros…” Arxiu del Regne de València, Governació, Plets, 2249, 7th hand, fol.
40r (18 July 1433). One would expect “a l’alquibla” but the scribe has elided the article. The sense is witness swears having turned his face to the East.
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<div class="">TG</div>
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<div class="">On Mar 17, 2017, at 1:49 AM, David Wacks <<a href="mailto:wacks@uoregon.edu" class="">wacks@uoregon.edu</a>> wrote:</div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="">Dear colleagues:
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<div class="">In Joanot Martorell's <i class="">Tirant lo Blanc</i>, Muslim characters are asked to
<i class="">jurar a l'alquibla </i>(as if they were swearing on the Bible) more than once. Does this reflect any historical practice or reference to making an oath of particular force while standing in the
<i class="">qibla</i>, or perhaps while facing East, or is it just a fanciful construction of the author?</div>
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Thanks very much for any light you can shed on this question.</div>
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Best regards,<br class="">
David<br clear="all" class="">
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<div class="">David Wacks</div>
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