<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">For Mudejar oaths <div class="">see
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<!--StartFragment--><p class="p1">Vicens, Belen. “Swearing By God: Muslim Oath-Taking in Late
Medieval and Early Modern Christian Iberia.” <i class="">Medieval Encounters</i> 20
(2014): 117–51.<o:p class=""></o:p></p>
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</div><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Mar 17, 2017, at 10:27 AM, Nickson, Tom <<a href="mailto:Tom.Nickson@courtauld.ac.uk" class="">Tom.Nickson@courtauld.ac.uk</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div id="divtagdefaultwrapper" dir="ltr" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Dear David</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">I found these references amongst my notes:</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><br class=""></div><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""></p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī al-Jaznāʾī, 'Jany zahrat al-ʿās fī bināʾ madīnat Fās' (Alfred Bel, ed,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">La fleur du myrte</i>, Algiers, 1932), p. 135, n. 1: records that oaths were sworn over the Qur’an in the mihrab of the Qarawiyyin mosque in Fez<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" class=""> </span></p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;" class=""><span lang="ES-TRAD" class="">Angel Canellas López,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">Diplomatario medieval de la Casa de Ganaderos de Zaragoza</i></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" class="">, Zaragoza, 1988, doc. 105: records local Muslims swearing oaths at the mosque portal in 1273.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" class=""> </span></p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;" class="">Delfina Serrano, 'Twelve Court Cases on the Application of Penal Law under the Almoravids', in: Muhammad Khalid Masud, Rudolph Peters and David Stephan Powers, eds,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">Dispensing justice in Islam: Qadis and their judgements</i>, Leiden, 2006, 473-494, 488 and n. 38: Ibn Rushd al-Jadd records that in the Almoravid period oaths were sworn in front of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">qibla<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>wall on Friday afternoons.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><br class=""><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""></p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">best, Tom</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div id="Signature" class=""><div id="divtagdefaultwrapper" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><div style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13px;" class=""><div class="BodyFragment"><font size="2" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt;" class=""><div class="PlainText">Dr Tom Nickson<br class="">Lecturer in Medieval Art and Architecture</div><div class="PlainText">Associate Dean for Students</div><div class="PlainText">The Courtauld Institute of Art, London</div><div class="PlainText"><a href="https://courtauld.academia.edu/TomNickson" id="LPNoLP" class="">https://courtauld.academia.edu/TomNickson</a></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;" class="">The Courtauld Institute of Art, Somerset House, Strand, London, WC2R 0RN<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=""><a href="http://www.courtauld.ac.uk/" target="_blank" class="">www.courtauld.ac.uk</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=""><br class="">Now open at The Courtauld Gallery:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://courtauld.ac.uk/gallery/what-on/exhibitions-displays/reading-drawings" target="_blank" class="">Reading Drawings</a><br class="">21 January – 4 June 2017<br class=""></div><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" class=""><div class="PlainText"><br class=""></div><div class="PlainText"><br class=""></div><div class="PlainText"><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px;" class=""><br class=""></div></span></span></font></div></div></div></div></div><hr tabindex="-1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline-block; width: 974.109375px;" class=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important;" class=""></span><div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class=""><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;" class=""><b class="">From:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:andalusi_studies-bounces@lists.uoregon.edu" class="">andalusi_studies-bounces@lists.uoregon.edu</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><<a href="mailto:andalusi_studies-bounces@lists.uoregon.edu" class="">andalusi_studies-bounces@lists.uoregon.edu</a>> on behalf of Glick, Thomas F <<a href="mailto:tglick@bu.edu" class="">tglick@bu.edu</a>><br class=""><b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>17 March 2017 14:09:29<br class=""><b class="">To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>David Wacks<br class=""><b class="">Cc:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:andalusi_studies@lists.uoregon.edu" class="">andalusi_studies@lists.uoregon.edu</a><br class=""><b class="">Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [Andalusi Studies] "Jurar a l'alquibla"? Oaths made in qibla or facing East?</font><div class=""> </div></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class="">Here’s a rather full description in a court case from Sumacàrcer in the Ribera Alta del Júcar in 1433: el testimoni qui jura a deu girada la cara alquibla segons çuna e xara de moros…” Arxiu del Regne de València, Governació, Plets, 2249, 7th hand, fol. 40r (18 July 1433). One would expect “a l’alquibla” but the scribe has elided the article. The sense is witness swears having turned his face to the East. <div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">TG</div><div class=""><br class=""><div class=""><div class="">On Mar 17, 2017, at 1:49 AM, David Wacks <<a href="mailto:wacks@uoregon.edu" class="">wacks@uoregon.edu</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class="">Dear colleagues:<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">In Joanot Martorell's<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">Tirant lo Blanc</i>, Muslim characters are asked to<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">jurar a l'alquibla<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>(as if they were swearing on the Bible) more than once. Does this reflect any historical practice or reference to making an oath of particular force while standing in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">qibla</i>, or perhaps while facing East, or is it just a fanciful construction of the author?</div><div class=""><br class="">Thanks very much for any light you can shed on this question.</div><div class=""><br class="">Best regards,<br class="">David<br clear="all" class=""><div class=""><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">------------------------------------</div><div class="">David Wacks</div>Professor of Spanish<br class="">UO Dept of Romance Languages<br class=""><a href="http://davidwacks.uoregon.edu/agenda" target="_blank" class="">agenda</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>/<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://davidwacks.uoregon.edu/" target="_blank" class="">blog</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>/<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://davidwacks.uoregon.edu/cv/" target="_blank" class="">cv</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>/ <a href="https://twitter.com/davidwacks" target="_blank" class="">twitter</a> /<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://hcommons.org/" target="_blank" class="">hcommons.org</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>_______________________________________________<br class="">Andalusi_Studies mailing list<br class=""><a href="mailto:Andalusi_Studies@lists.uoregon.edu" class="">Andalusi_Studies@lists.uoregon.edu</a><br class=""><a href="https://lists.uoregon.edu/mailman/listinfo/andalusi_studies" class="">https://lists.uoregon.edu/mailman/listinfo/andalusi_studies</a><br class=""></div></div><br class=""></div></div><hr style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;" class=""><font color="gray" class="">The Courtauld Institute of Art is a company limited by guarantee (registered in England and Wales, number 04464432) and an exempt charity. 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