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<div style="direction:ltr; font-family:Tahoma; color:#000000; font-size:10pt">Dear Dwight,
<br>
<br>
On Muslims signaling the time of prayer with the sound of a trumpet in Medieval Sicily and Iberia, see the references in Olivia Remie Constable, "Regulating Religious Noise: The Council of Vienne, the Mosque Call and Muslim Pilgrimage in the Late Medieval Mediterranean
World," <i>Medieval Encounters</i>, 16 (2010): 64-95, at 69, 70, 73, 79-80; and in early twentieth-century Morocco (Fes): Edward Westermarck,
<i>Ritual and Belief in Morocco</i>, London, 1926, 2:91. Cf. Ibn Taymiyya's admonition of using trumpets during the
<i>adhan</i>, thus following the costumes of the Jews, in <i>Ibn Taymiya's Struggle against Popular Religion</i>, trans. Muhammad Umar Memon, p. 165; F.E. Peters,
<i>Judaism, Christianity, and Islam: The Classical Texts and Their Interpretation</i>, Princeton, 1990, 3:101-102 (a passage from Ibn Ishaq's Biography of the Prophet Muhammad). On Ali Exadit, see the passages cited in Luis Rubio Garcia,
<i>Estudios sobre la Edad Media espanola</i>, pp. 105-106.<br>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
Best wishes,<br>
<br>
Liran<br>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<span class="HOEnZb adL"><font color="#888888"><span class="il">...<br>
Liran Yadgar<br>
Postgraduate Associate in Medieval Jewish History<br>
Judaic Studies, Yale University <br>
liran.yadgar@yale.edu <br>
Website: https://yale.academia.edu/LiranYadgar <br>
<br>
Office: 451 College St., Rm 403<br>
New Haven, CT 06511-8906<br>
<br>
</span></font></span>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr">2015-07-22 14:00 GMT-05:00 <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:andalusi_studies-request@lists.uoregon.edu" target="_blank">andalusi_studies-request@lists.uoregon.edu</a>></span>:</div>
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Today's Topics:<br>
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1. Trumpets used as "call to prayer"? (Dwight Reynolds)<br>
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Message: 1<br>
Date: Wed, 22 Jul 2015 10:06:20 -0700<br>
From: Dwight Reynolds <<a href="mailto:dreynold@religion.ucsb.edu" target="_blank">dreynold@religion.ucsb.edu</a>><br>
To: <a href="mailto:andalusi_studies@lists.uoregon.edu" target="_blank">andalusi_studies@lists.<wbr>uoregon.edu</a><br>
Subject: [Andalusi Studies] Trumpets used as "call to prayer"?<br>
Message-ID: <<a href="mailto:20150722100620.247877mqgk37x5l8@services.lsit.ucsb.edu" target="_blank">20150722100620.<wbr>247877mqgk37x5l8@services.<wbr>lsit.ucsb.edu</a>><br>
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<br>
<br>
<br>
I am currently in Barcelona gathering material about "Moorish" and<br>
Jewish musicians in Aragon and Catalonia in the medieval period.<br>
<br>
In an article about musicians hired by the Municipality of L?rida I<br>
found the passage below that is (for me at least) surprising:<br>
<br>
"En el a?o 1356, Pedro IV defiende el canto y m?sica de los moros<br>
y sarracenos, que llaman a sus fieles a los templos con el sonido de<br>
trompetas y a?afiles, en lugar de las campanas por los cristianos."<br>
<br>
Unfortunately the author does not give a citation, so I cannot give<br>
you the original Catalan, though I hope to track it down eventually.<br>
<br>
Is this simply a fanciful (and incorrect) idea of King Pedro of<br>
Aragon's? Or does anyone know of other references to Muslims in Spain<br>
(or elsewhere) using trumpets to announce prayer times or to call<br>
people to mosques?<br>
<br>
Or can someone possibly offer another interpretation of this passage?<br>
<br>
This is connected to the Municipality of L?rida's hiring of a Moorish<br>
trumpeter named Ali Exadit [al-Shad?d??] on a one-year contract with a<br>
salary of 100 valencian (jaques) solidos and six "alnes" of<br>
"campred?n" cloth in the year 1400.<br>
<br>
The same trumpeter pops up again in the financial registers in the<br>
year 1410 with a slightly higher salary and seven lengths of the same<br>
cloth once he has sworn to serve the city faithfully [E lo dit Ali<br>
Exadit promes servir be e lealment la ciutat].<br>
<br>
<br>
Many thanks,<br>
Dwight<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
******************************<wbr>******************************<wbr>*******************<br>
Dwight F. Reynolds, Professor Arabic Language & Lit<br>
Department of Religious Studies Phone: (805) 893-7143<br>
University of California Dept: (805) 893-2993<br>
Santa Barbara, CA 93106 FAX: (805) 893-7671<br>
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End of Andalusi_Studies Digest, Vol 15, Issue 1<br>
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