[Andalusi Studies] Islamic sources describing Christians as mushrikin?

[MARIA JESUS VIGUERA MOLINS]

Dear David

Eva Lapiedra, in her book: *Cómo los musulmanes llamaban a los cristianos
hispánicos* (Alicante, 1997) documents and analyzes sixteen designations,
among them MUSHRIK.

Regards,
Mj Viguera

2016-12-05 21:21 GMT+01:00 Yadgar, Liran <liran.yadgar at yale.edu>:

> Dear David,
>
>
> Commenting on an early nineteenth-century poem, David Cook writes that
> "[o]riginally, the epithet of *mushrikun* [i.e. "associators," idolators]
> was applied only to polytheists, but by the eight century also to
> Christians" (*Martyrdom in Islam*, Cambridge; New York, 2007, p. 124
> n33). I would argue, however, that the accusation of Christians with *shirk
> *(idolatry) has already started in the Qur'an (e.g. Q 4:166; Q 5:17, 82,
> 116; Q 9:30; Q 112), and thus, in some occurrences in this book, *mushrikun
> *may refer to Christians, and that this usage was common since the
> earliest times of Islam. See on this point: Jacques Waardenburg, "The
> Early Period: 610–650," in *Muslim Perceptions of Other Religions: A
> Historical Survey*, ed. *idem* (New York; Oxford, 1999), p. 6; Hugh
> Goddard, *A History of Christian-Muslim Relations* (Edinburgh, 2000), pp.
> 27-28; G.R. Hawting, *The Idea of Idolatry and the Emergence of Islam:
> From Polemic to History* (Cambridge; New York, 1999), pp. 82-84; *idem*,
> "Qur'anic Exegesis and History," in *With Reverence for the Word:
> Medieval Scriptural Exegesis in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam*, eds.
> Jane Dammen McAuliffe et al. (Oxford; New York, 2003), p. 410; Yohanan
> Friedmann, *Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the
> Muslim Tradition* (New York, 2003), pp. 71-72; Jere L. Bacharach, "Signs
> of Sovereignty: The Shahada, Qur'anic Verses, and the Coinage of ʿAbd
> al-Malik," *Muqarnas*, 27 (2010): 18.
>
>
> For examples from the Islamic West, see Camilla Adang, *Muslim Writers on
> Judaism and the Hebrew Bible: From Ibn Rabban to Ibn Hazm* (New York,
> 1996), p. 101 (on Ibn Hazm comparing Jewish and Christian polytheism); Mikel
> de Epalza, "Mozarabs: An Emblematic Christian Minority in Islamic
> Al-Andalus," in *The Legacy of Muslim Spain*, ed. Salma Khadra Jayyusi (Leiden;
> Brill, 1994), p. 150; Nicola Clarke, *The Muslim Conquest of Iberia:
> Medieval Arabic Narratives* (New York, 2013), p. 133. The texts provided
> in *Christians and Moors in Spain*, vol. 3, eds. Charles Melville and
> Ahmad 'Ubaydli (Warminster, 1988), may provide more references.
>
>
> Regards,
>
>
> Liran
>
>
> ...
> Liran Yadgar
> Postdoctoral Associate
> Judaic Studies, Yale University
> liran.yadgar at yale.edu
> Website: https://yale.academia.edu/LiranYadgar
>
> ------------------------------
> *From:* andalusi_studies-bounces at lists.uoregon.edu <
> andalusi_studies-bounces at lists.uoregon.edu> on behalf of David Wacks <
> wacks at uoregon.edu>
> *Sent:* Monday, December 5, 2016 4:01:02 AM
> *To:* andalusi_studies at lists.uoregon.edu
> *Subject:* [Andalusi Studies] Islamic sources describing Christians as
> mushrikin?
>
> Dear colleagues,
>
> Does anyone know of any Muslim authors who write of Christianity in terms
> of shirk, or of Christians as mushrikin?
>
> Many thanks for any suggestions.
>
> Best regards,
> David
>
> David Wacks
> Professor of Spanish
> davidwacks.uoregon.edu
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